{"id":179712,"date":"2002-05-26T18:46:58","date_gmt":"2002-05-26T18:46:58","guid":{"rendered":"tn-import:\/\/a_tn2_religion_list\/292"},"modified":"2002-05-26T18:46:58","modified_gmt":"2002-05-26T18:46:58","slug":"tn_a_tn2_religion_list_292","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.missa.or.kr\/?p=179712","title":{"rendered":"\uc815\uce58\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc0f \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \uc131\uc219\uae30"},"content":{"rendered":"

        <\/SPAN>\uc81c3\uc808 \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc0f \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \uc131\uc219\uae30<\/SPAN><\/SPAN> <\/P>
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              (1789\uff5e1918)<\/SPAN><\/SPAN> <\/P>
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 \uc804 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc885\uad50 \ubc0f \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc740, \uac00\uc778 \uc544\ubca8 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc744 \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c\uba74\uc11c <\/SPAN>\uc774 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc740 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\ub300\ub85c \uc131\uc219\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc131\uc219\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uac00\uc778 \uc544\ubca8\uc758 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\uac00 \uc774\ub8e9\ub418\uc5b4 \uac14\uc73c\uba70,<\/SPAN> \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub3c4 \uc774 \ub450 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\ud615\ud0dc\uc5d0\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4\uac00\uba74\uc11c, \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c\uc640 \uc0ac\uc0c1\ub3c4 \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c4\uc804\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. <\/SPAN>\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uacfc \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc0b0\uc5c5\ud601\uba85\uc774 \uc788\uc740 \ud6c4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc81c1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804\uc774 \ub05d\ub0a0 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0\uac00 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc12d\ub9ac\uc758 \uae30\uac04\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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           <\/SPAN>\u2160. \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758<\/SPAN><\/SPAN> <\/P>
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 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ubc1c\uc804\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf8 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc55e \uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub17c\uc220\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc5b4\ub514\uae4c\uc9c0\ub098 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ub098\uc624\uac8c \ub41c \uc678\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc704\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \uad7d\uc774\uce68 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c, <\/SPAN>\uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ud0c0\uace0 \uc624\ub298\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ub098\uc624\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \ub0b4\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc704\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN> <\/P>
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 \uc774\ubbf8 \ud6c4\ud3b8 \uc81c4\uc7a5 \uc81c7\uc808 \u2161\uc5d0\uc11c \ub17c\ud55c \ubc14\uc640 \uac19\uc774, \uae30\ub3c5\uc655\uad6d\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uad50\ud669\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uc601\uc801\uc778 \uc655\uad6d\uacfc \uad6d\uc655\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uc2e4\uccb4\uc758 \uc655\uad6d\uc774 \ud558\ub098 \ub418\uc5b4 \uba54\uc2dc\uc544\uc655\uad6d\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uad70\uc8fc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc11c <\uba54\uc2dc\uc544\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uae30\ub300>\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub354\ub77c\uba74, \uadf8 \ub54c\uc5d0 \ubd09\uac74\uc2dc\ub300\ub294 \ub05d\ub0ac\uc744 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \uc12d\ub9ac\uac00 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774 \uc2dc\ub300\ub294 \uc5f0\uc7a5\ub418\uc5b4 \uc815\uce58\uc0ac\uc640 \uc885\uad50\uc0ac\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c\uc0ac\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \ubd84\ub9bd\ub41c \ub178\uc815\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc911\uc138 \ubd09\uac74\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc9c0\ubc29 \uc81c\ud6c4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd84\uc0b0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc815\uce58\uad8c\ub825\uc740 \uc2ed\uc790\uad70\uc804\uc7c1 \uc774\ud6c4 \uae30\uc6b8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec, \ubb38\uc608\ubd80\ud765\uacfc \uc885\uad50\uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uacc4\ubabd\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec\uc11c\ub294 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc57d\ud574\uc84c\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec <\/SPAN>17\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uc5fd\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec, \uc81c\ud6c4\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbfc\uc871\uc744 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ud1b5\uc77c\uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc138\uc6cc \uad6d\uc655 \ubc11\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc911\uc559\uc9d1\uad8c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uad6d\uac00(\uc804\uccb4\uc8fc\uc758\uad6d\uac00)\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub54c\ub294 \uc655\uad8c\uc2e0\uc218\uc124 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\ud55c\uc774 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc\uc2dc\ub300\uc600\ub2e4.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN> <\/P>
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 \uc774 \uc2dc\ub300\uac00 \uc624\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc778 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uba74, \uccab\uc9f8\ub85c, \uc2dc\ubbfc\uacc4\uae09\uc774 \uad6d\uc655\uacfc \uacb0\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \ubd09\uac74\uacc4\uae09\uacfc \ub300\ud56d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud568\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \ub458\uc9f8\ub85c, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4, \ubb34\uc5ed\uacbd\uc81c\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub97c \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ubd09\uac74\uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub09c \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubc30\uacbd\uc744 \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc544\uc6b8\ub7ec \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ubcf5\ub9ac\ub97c \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\uc640 \uac10\ub3c5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc911\uc0c1\uc8fc\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc815\ucc45\uc774 \uc694\ub9dd\ub41c \ub370 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. <\/SPAN>\ud55c\ud3b8 \ubcf5\uadc0\uc12d\ub9ac\ub85c \ubcf8 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ubc1c\uc804\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uba74, \uc774 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uad50\ud669\uacfc \uad6d\uc655\uc774 \ud558\ub098\ub418\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \uc644\uc131\ub418\uc9c0  \ubabb\ud558\uace0, \uad50\ud669\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uadf8 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \ub3c4\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc0ac\ud0c4\uc758 \uc55e\uc9c8\ub7ec \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4 \ub098\uc628 \ub178\uc815\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \uc0ac\ud0c4\ud3b8 \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN> <\/P>
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 \uc774\uc81c \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uacf5\uc0b0\uc138\uacc4\uc640, \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4 \ub098\uc544\uac00\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubcf5\uadc0\uc12d\ub9ac\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uadc0\ucd94\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc790.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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 \ub9c8\uce58 \uc911\uc138 \ubd09\uac74\uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \ud788\ube0c\ub9ac\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud5ec\ub77c\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud55c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ubc30\uce58\ub418\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774 \ub450 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\uc5ec, \uac00\uc778 \uc544\ubca8 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud55c \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\ub358 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc, \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub3c4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc885\uad50\uac1c\ud601 \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc18d\ubc15\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5b4\uc11c, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc544\ubca8\ud615 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801 \ub2ec\uc131\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubc30\uce58\ub418\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc600\uc5c8\uace0, \ub3c4 \uadf8 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc758\uc5f0\ud788 \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\ub358 \ubd09\uac74\uc81c\ub3c4\uac00 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc790\uc640 \uc720\ubb3c\ub860\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ubbfc \uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ub9c9\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uac00\uc778\ud615 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801 \ub2ec\uc131\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubc30\uce58\ub418\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc600\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, <\/SPAN>\uc774 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc544\uac00, \ub4dc\ub514\uc5b4 \uac00\uc778 \uc544\ubca8 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud55c \uacf5\uc0b0\uacfc \ubbfc\uc8fc \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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         1. \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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 \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ub17c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \uba3c\uc800 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \ub17c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc544\ub2c8 \ub41c\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub294 \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544, \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uacfc \uc720\ubb3c\ub860\uc73c\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec\uac00\ub358 \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774 \ud33d\ubc30\ud55c \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ubd99\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc788\ub358 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uacc4\uae09\uc740, \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubaa8\uc21c\uc744 \uc790\uac01\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud68c \uc548\uc5d0 \uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \uae4a\uc774 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ubc15\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \uc794\ud574\ub97c \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \ub192\uc544\uac00\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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 \uac70\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 1789\ub144 \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \ud070 \uc870\ub958\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec, \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ubd09\uac74\uc801 \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc744 \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0, \uc81c3\uacc4\uae09(\uc2dc\ubbfc)\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ud3c9\ub4f1\uacfc \ud574\ubc29\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec, \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ubd80\ub974\uc9d6\uace0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \ud601\uba85\uc774 \uace7 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \u2018\uc778\uad8c\uc120\uc5b8\u2019\uc774 \uacf5\ud45c\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc218\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc5b4\ub514\uae4c\uc9c0\ub098 \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc744 \uc138\uc6b0\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec, \uc720\ubb3c\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec\uac04 \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774 \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ucd9c\ud604\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uae30  \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694\uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, <\/SPAN>\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00 \ub514\ub4dc\ub85c(Diderot. Denis 1713\uff5e1784)\ub098 \ub2ec\ub791\ubca0\ub974(d’Alembert. Jean Le Rond 1717\uff5e1783)\ub4f1\ub3c4 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860 \ub610\ub294 \uc720\ubb3c\ub860\uacc4\uc758 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. <\/SPAN>\uc774 \ud601\uba85\uc758 \uacbd\uc704\ub860 \ubcf4\uc544\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uac1c\uc131\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ud3c9\ub4f1\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc804\uccb4\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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 \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc740 \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \uc138\uc6cc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0b4\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc774\ub8e9\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00\ub824\ub294 \uc778\uac04 \ubcf8\uc131\uc758 \ub0b4\uc801\uc778 \ucd94\uad6c\uc758 \uae38\uc744 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub9c9\uace0 \uc678\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \ub354\uc6b1 \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uc5ec, \ub3c5\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub808\ub2cc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uccb4\uacc4\ud654\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub978 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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         2. \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

 \uc601\uad6d\uc774\ub098 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \ub300\ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\ud604\ub41c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uadf8 \ubc1c\ub2e8\ubd80\ud130\uac00 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4. <\/SPAN>\ud6c4\uc790\ub294 \uac00\uc778\ud615 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc758 \uc18c\uc0b0\uc778 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860 \ubc0f \uc720\ubb3c\ub860\uc758 \uc8fc\ucc3d\uc790\ub4e4\uc774, \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc2e4\ud604\ud55c \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc600\uc74c\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec, <\/SPAN>\uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc544\ubca8\ud615 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc758 \uacb0\uc2e4\uccb4\uc778 \uc601\uad11\uc801\uc778 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774, \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ucc3e\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc2f8\uc6cc \uc2b9\ub9ac\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc2e4\ud604\ud55c \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc600\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

 \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\uc5ec \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\ub294\uac00\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc790. \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucc30\uc2a4 1\uc138\uac00 \uc804\uc81c\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uad6d\uad50\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud568\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544, \ub9ce\uc740 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544 \uc720\ub7fd\ub0b4\uc758 \ud0c0\uad6d \ub610\ub294 \uc2e0\ub300\ub959\uc73c\ub85c \uc62e\uae30\uc5c8\uace0, \uc77c\ucc0c\uae30 \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \uc885\uad50\uc801\uc778 \uc555\ubc15\uc744 \ubc1b\ub358 \uc77c\ubd80\uc758 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uad6d\ubbfc\ub9f9\uc57d\uc744 \uacb0\uc758\ud558\uace0 \uad6d\uc655\uc5d0 \ud56d\uac70\ud558\uc600\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4(1640\ub144).<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \uc758\ud68c\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \ud06c\ub86c\uc6f0(Cromwell, Oliver1599\uff5e1658)\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud558\uace0 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4(1642\ub144). \uadf8\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc81c\uc784\uc2a4 2\uc138\uc758 \uc804\uc81c\uc815\uce58\uc640 \uad6d\uad50\uc758 \uac15\ud654\uac00 \uadf9\uc2ec\ud558\uc5ec\uc9c0\uc790, \uadf8\uc758 \uc0ac\uc704\ub85c\uc11c \ud640\ub79c\ub4dc\ucd1d\ub3c5\uc73c\ub85c \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc624\ub80c\uc9c0\uacf5 \uc70c\ub9ac\uc554(Wiliam \u2162 1650\uff5e1702)\uc740, 1688\ub144\uc5d0 \uad70\ub300\ub97c \uac70\ub290\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ubbfc\uad8c\uc758 \uc639\ud638\ub97c \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub959\ud558\uc5ec \ubb34\ud608\ub85c \uc655\uc704\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub790\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc70c\ub9ac\uc554\uc774 \uc655\uc704\uc5d0 \uc624\ub974\uc790 \uadf8\ub294 \uc758\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c1\uc2e0\ud55c \u2018\uad8c\ub9ac\uc758 \uc120\uc5b8\u2019\uc744 \uc2b9\uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc758\ud68c\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc601\uad6d\ud5cc\ubc95\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774 \ud601\uba85\uc740 \ubb34\ud608\ub85c \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uc600\uae30 \ub300\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uba85\uc608\ud601\uba85\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. <\/SPAN>\uc774\uc640\uac19\uc774 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \uc774 \ud601\uba85\uc740, \uc678\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uba74 \ubb3c\ub860 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uacc4\uae09\uc774 \uadc0\uc871 \uc2b9\ub824 \ub4f1 \ub300\uc9c0\uc8fc\uacc4\uae09\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ud589\ubc29\uc744 \uc5bb\uc73c\ub824\uace0 \ud55c \ub370\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \uc6d0\uc778\uc740 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ud601\uba85\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ub0b4\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ud574\ubc29\uc744 \uc5bb\uc73c\ub824\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 <\/SPAN>\uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc804\uc81c\uc8fc\uc758 \uc655\uc815\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0c4\uc555\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2e0\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc5bb\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec, \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc2e0\ub300\ub959\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\uac00\uc11c 1776\ub144\uc5d0 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640\uac19\uc774 \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\ub9bd\ub41c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud558\uace0, \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ucc3e\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uac1c\ud601\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc218\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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         <\/SPAN>\u2161. \uc0bc\uad8c\ubd84\ub9bd\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc801 \uc758\uc758<\/SPAN><\/SPAN> <\/P>
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 3\uad8c\ubd84\ub9bd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uccb4\uc81c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec, \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uad8c\ub825\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \uac1c\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec, \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc\uc758 \uc911\uc9c4\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ubabd\ucf00\uc2a4\ud0a4\uc678(Montesquieu, 1689\uff5e1755)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc81c\ucc3d\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc778\ub370, \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85 \ub54c \u2018\uc778\uad8c\uc120\uc5b8\u2019\uc758 \uc120\ud3ec\ub85c\uc368 \uc2e4\ud604\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc774 3\uad8c\ubd84\ub9bd\uc740 \ud558\ub298\ud3b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\ub824 \ud588\ub358 \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c\uc11c, \ubcf5\uadc0\uc12d\ub9ac\uc758 \uc804 \ub178\uc815\uc774 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\ub4ef\uc774, \uc774\uac83 \ub610\ud55c \uc0ac\ud0c4\ud3b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc55e\uc9c8\ub7ec \ube44\uc6d0\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \uba3c\uc800 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4 \ub193\uc740 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uac83\uc778\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc790.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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 \ucc3d\uc870\uc6d0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1d\ud78c \ubc14\uc640\uac19\uc774, \ud53c\uc870\uc138\uacc4\ub294 \uc644\uc131\ud55c \uc778\uac04 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \ucc3d\uc870\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c <\/SPAN>\uc644\uc131\ud55c \uc778\uac04\ub4e4\ub85c\uc368 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\ub3c4 \uc5ed\uc2dc, \uc644\uc131\ud55c \uc778\uac04 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ub2ee\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc778\uccb4\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uae30\uad00\uc774 \ub450\ub1cc\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc774, \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uae30\uad00\ub3c4 \uc624\uc9c1 \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc601\uc704\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \ub610 \ub450\ub1cc\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uba85\ub839\uc774 \ucc99\uc218\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \ub9d0\ucd08\uc2e0\uacbd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc628 \ubab8\uc5d0 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uacfc\uac19\uc774, \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc740 \ucc99\uc218\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc640, \uadf8\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \ub9d0\ucd08\uc2e0\uacbd\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uc131\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\ud68c \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \ube60\uc9d0\uc5c6\uc774 \ubbf8\uccd0\uc838\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc778\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \ucc99\uc218\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \ub9d0\ucd08\uc2e0\uacbd\uc740 \ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c \uad6c\uc2e4\uc740, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uc131\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

 \ud3d0\uc7a5\uacfc \uc2ec\uc7a5\uacfc \uc704\uc7a5\uc774 \ub9d0\ucd08\uc2e0\uacbd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294 \ub450\ub1cc\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc744 \ub530\ub77c, \uc11c\ub85c \uc0c1\ucda9\uc774 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc6d0\ub9cc\ud55c \uc218\uc218\uc758 \uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc774, \uc774 \uc138 \uc7a5\uae30\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc785\ubc95 \uc0ac\ubc95 \ud589\uc815\uc758 \uc138 \uc7a5\uae30\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uc131\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294 \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec, \uc11c\ub85c \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc218\uc218\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud314 \ub2e4\ub9ac\uac00 \ub450\ub1cc\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc744 \ub530\ub77c, \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\uace0 \uc787\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc774, \ud314 \ub2e4\ub9c1 \ud574\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc81c\uae30\uad6c\ub294, \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \ub2ec\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\ucc9c\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. <\/SPAN>\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc778\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uac04\uc7a5\uc774 \uc804\uc2e0\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc601\uc591\uc744 \uc800\ucd95\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc774, \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ubaa9\uc801 \ub2ec\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc800\ucd95\uc744 \ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub610 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubab8 \uc804\uccb4\uac00 \ub450\ub1cc\uc640 \uc885\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc9c0\uccb4\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc790\ub3d9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud6a1\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \ub9fa\uc5b4\uc838\uc11c, \ubd88\uac00\ubd84\uc758 \uc720\uae30\uccb4\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uace0 \uc787\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc, <\/SPAN>\uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uacfc \uc885\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud6a1\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uac8c\ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \ud76c\ub178\uc560\ub77d\uc744 \uac19\uc774\ud558\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc720\uae30\uccb4\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294, \ub0a8\uc744 \ud574\uce58\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uc790\uae30\ub97c \ud574\uce58\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \ubc94\uc8c4\ub97c \ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub610 \ubcf5\uadc0\uc12d\ub9ac\uac00 \uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcf5\uadc0\ud558\uc5ec \uc654\ub294\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc790.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

 \uc11c\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ubc1c\uc804\uc758 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74, \uc785\ubc95 \ud589\uc815\uc758 3\uad8c\uacfc \uc815\ub2f9\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud2c0\uc5b4 \uad6d\uc655 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc804\ub2f4\ud558\uc5ec \uc624\ub358 \uc2dc\ub300\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ubcc0\ucc9c\ud558\uc5ec \uad6d\uc655\uc774 3\uad8c\uc744 \uc7a5\uc545\ud558\uace0, \uad50\ud669\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc815\ub2f9\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uba85\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud558\ub358 \uc2dc\ub300\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\uc5b4\uc84c\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc81c\ub3c4\ub294 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc785\ubc95 \uc0ac\ubc95 \ud589\uc815\uc758 3\uad8c\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc815\ub2f9\uc774 \ub69c\ub837\ud55c \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uba85\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4, \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc785\ud5cc\uc815\uce58\uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c \uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \ud615\ub9cc\uc740 \uac16\ucd94\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

 \uc774\uc640\uac19\uc774 \uc624\ub79c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \uae30\uac04\uc744 \ub450\uace0 \ub0b4\ub824\uc624\uba74\uc11c \uc815\uce58\uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \ubcc0\ucc9c\ud574 \uc628 \uac83\uc740, \ud0c0\ub77d\ub41c \uc778\uac04\uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \ubcf5\uadc0\uc12d\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc644\uc131\ub41c \uc778\uac04 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ub2ee\uc740 \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\ub85c \ubcf5\uadc0\ub418\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 <\/SPAN>\uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uccb4\ub294 3\uad8c\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub9bd\ub418\uace0 \ub610 \uc815\ub2f9\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub0a8\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \ub4dc\ub514\uc5b4 \uc778\uac04 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ub2ee\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\uc73c\ub098, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc5b4\ub514\uae4c\uc9c0\ub098 \ubcf5\uadc0\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ud0c0\ub77d\uc778\uac04\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc774\uc5b4\uc11c, \ucc3d\uc870\ubcf8\uc5f0\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ubc1c\ud718\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uace7 \uc815\ub2f9\uc774 \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc758 \ub73b\uc744 \ubaa8\ub974\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ub450\ub1cc\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc744 \uc804\ub2ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub41c \ucc99\uc218\uc640 \uadf8\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \ub9d0\ucd08\uc2e0\uacbd\uacfc\uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc774\ub77c \ud558\uaca0\ub2e4. \uc989 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc774 \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc758 \ub9d0\uc500\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc785\ubc95 \uc0ac\ubc95 \ud589\uc815\uc758 \uc138 \uae30\uad00\uc740 \ub9c8\uce58 \uc2e0\uacbd\uacc4\ud1b5\uc774 \ub04a\uc5b4\uc838 \ub450\ub1cc\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc624\ub294 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \uac10\uc751\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub41c \uc138 \uc7a5\uae30\uc640 \uac19\uc774\ub418\uc5b4\uc11c, \uadf8\uac83\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0c1\ud638\uac04\uc5d0 \uc9c8\uc11c\uc640 \uc870\ud654\ub97c \uc783\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \ud56d\uc0c1 \ub300\ub9bd\ud558\uace0 \ucda9\ub3cc\ud560 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

 \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc7ac\ub9bc\uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740, \uc608\uc218\ub2d8\uc774 \uc624\uc154\uc11c \ud0c0\ub77d\uc778\uac04 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ub2ee\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0, \uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc911\ucd94\uc2e0\uacbd\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4\uc90c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc758 \ub73b\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uadf8 \ubcf8\uc5f0\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ubc1c\ud718\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub824\ub294\ub370 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

<\/P><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \uc81c3\uc808 \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc0f \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \uc131\uc219\uae30               (1789\uff5e1918)  \uc804 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc885\uad50 \ubc0f \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc740, \uac00\uc778 \uc544\ubca8 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc744 \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c\uba74\uc11c \uc774 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc740 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\ub300\ub85c \uc131\uc219\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc131\uc219\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uac00\uc778 \uc544\ubca8\uc758 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\uac00 \uc774\ub8e9\ub418\uc5b4 \uac14\uc73c\uba70, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub3c4 \uc774 \ub450 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\ud615\ud0dc\uc5d0\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4\uac00\uba74\uc11c, \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c\uc640 \uc0ac\uc0c1\ub3c4 \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c4\uc804\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uacfc \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc0b0\uc5c5\ud601\uba85\uc774 \uc788\uc740 \ud6c4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc81c1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804\uc774 \ub05d\ub0a0 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0\uac00 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc12d\ub9ac\uc758 \uae30\uac04\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.            \u2160. \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758  \uc5ed\uc0ac\ubc1c\uc804\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf8 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc55e \uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub17c\uc220\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc5b4\ub514\uae4c\uc9c0\ub098 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ub098\uc624\uac8c \ub41c \uc678\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc704\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \uad7d\uc774\uce68 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ud0c0\uace0 \uc624\ub298\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ub098\uc624\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \ub0b4\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc704\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.  \uc774\ubbf8 \ud6c4\ud3b8 \uc81c4\uc7a5 \uc81c7\uc808 \u2161\uc5d0\uc11c \ub17c\ud55c \ubc14\uc640 \uac19\uc774, \uae30\ub3c5\uc655\uad6d\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uad50\ud669\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uc601\uc801\uc778 \uc655\uad6d\uacfc \uad6d\uc655\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uc2e4\uccb4\uc758 \uc655\uad6d\uc774 \ud558\ub098 \ub418\uc5b4 \uba54\uc2dc\uc544\uc655\uad6d\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uad70\uc8fc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc11c <\uba54\uc2dc\uc544\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uae30\ub300>\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub354\ub77c\uba74, \uadf8 \ub54c\uc5d0 \ubd09\uac74\uc2dc\ub300\ub294 \ub05d\ub0ac\uc744 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \uc12d\ub9ac\uac00 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774 \uc2dc\ub300\ub294 \uc5f0\uc7a5\ub418\uc5b4 \uc815\uce58\uc0ac\uc640 \uc885\uad50\uc0ac\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c\uc0ac\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \ubd84\ub9bd\ub41c \ub178\uc815\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc911\uc138 \ubd09\uac74\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc9c0\ubc29 \uc81c\ud6c4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd84\uc0b0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc815\uce58\uad8c\ub825\uc740 \uc2ed\uc790\uad70\uc804\uc7c1 \uc774\ud6c4 \uae30\uc6b8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec, \ubb38\uc608\ubd80\ud765\uacfc \uc885\uad50\uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uacc4\ubabd\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec\uc11c\ub294 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc57d\ud574\uc84c\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec 17\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uc5fd\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec, \uc81c\ud6c4\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbfc\uc871\uc744 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ud1b5\uc77c\uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc138\uc6cc \uad6d\uc655 \ubc11\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc911\uc559\uc9d1\uad8c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uad6d\uac00(\uc804\uccb4\uc8fc\uc758\uad6d\uac00)\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub54c\ub294 \uc655\uad8c\uc2e0\uc218\uc124 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\ud55c\uc774 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc\uc2dc\ub300\uc600\ub2e4.  \uc774 \uc2dc\ub300\uac00 \uc624\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc778 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uba74, \uccab\uc9f8\ub85c, \uc2dc\ubbfc\uacc4\uae09\uc774 \uad6d\uc655\uacfc \uacb0\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \ubd09\uac74\uacc4\uae09\uacfc \ub300\ud56d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud568\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \ub458\uc9f8\ub85c, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4, \ubb34\uc5ed\uacbd\uc81c\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub97c \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ubd09\uac74\uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub09c \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubc30\uacbd\uc744 \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc544\uc6b8\ub7ec \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ubcf5\ub9ac\ub97c \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\uc640 \uac10\ub3c5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc911\uc0c1\uc8fc\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc815\ucc45\uc774 \uc694\ub9dd\ub41c \ub370 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \ubcf5\uadc0\uc12d\ub9ac\ub85c \ubcf8 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ubc1c\uc804\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uba74, \uc774 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uad50\ud669\uacfc \uad6d\uc655\uc774 \ud558\ub098\ub418\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \uc644\uc131\ub418\uc9c0  \ubabb\ud558\uace0, \uad50\ud669\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uadf8 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \ub3c4\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc0ac\ud0c4\uc758 \uc55e\uc9c8\ub7ec \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4 \ub098\uc628 \ub178\uc815\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \uc0ac\ud0c4\ud3b8 \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.  \uc774\uc81c \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uacf5\uc0b0\uc138\uacc4\uc640, \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4 \ub098\uc544\uac00\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubcf5\uadc0\uc12d\ub9ac\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uadc0\ucd94\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc790.  \ub9c8\uce58 \uc911\uc138 \ubd09\uac74\uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \ud788\ube0c\ub9ac\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud5ec\ub77c\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud55c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ubc30\uce58\ub418\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774 \ub450 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\uc5ec, \uac00\uc778 \uc544\ubca8 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud55c \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\ub358 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc, \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub3c4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc885\uad50\uac1c\ud601 \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc18d\ubc15\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5b4\uc11c, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc544\ubca8\ud615 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801 \ub2ec\uc131\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubc30\uce58\ub418\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc600\uc5c8\uace0, \ub3c4 \uadf8 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc758\uc5f0\ud788 \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\ub358 \ubd09\uac74\uc81c\ub3c4\uac00 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc790\uc640 \uc720\ubb3c\ub860\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ubbfc \uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ub9c9\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uac00\uc778\ud615 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801 \ub2ec\uc131\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubc30\uce58\ub418\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc600\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc544\uac00, \ub4dc\ub514\uc5b4 \uac00\uc778 \uc544\ubca8 \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud55c \uacf5\uc0b0\uacfc \ubbfc\uc8fc \ub450 \ud615\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.          1. \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758  \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ub17c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \uba3c\uc800 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \ub17c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc544\ub2c8 \ub41c\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub294 \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544, \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uacfc \uc720\ubb3c\ub860\uc73c\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec\uac00\ub358 \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774 \ud33d\ubc30\ud55c \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ubd99\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc788\ub358 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uacc4\uae09\uc740, \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubaa8\uc21c\uc744 \uc790\uac01\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud68c \uc548\uc5d0 \uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \uae4a\uc774 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ubc15\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \uc794\ud574\ub97c \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \ub192\uc544\uac00\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.  \uac70\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 1789\ub144 \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \ud070 \uc870\ub958\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec, \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ubd09\uac74\uc801 \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc744 \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0, \uc81c3\uacc4\uae09(\uc2dc\ubbfc)\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ud3c9\ub4f1\uacfc \ud574\ubc29\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec, \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ubd80\ub974\uc9d6\uace0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \ud601\uba85\uc774 \uace7 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \u2018\uc778\uad8c\uc120\uc5b8\u2019\uc774 \uacf5\ud45c\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc218\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc5b4\ub514\uae4c\uc9c0\ub098 \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc744 \uc138\uc6b0\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec, \uc720\ubb3c\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec\uac04 \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774 \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ucd9c\ud604\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uae30  \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694\uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00 \ub514\ub4dc\ub85c(Diderot. Denis 1713\uff5e1784)\ub098 \ub2ec\ub791\ubca0\ub974(d’Alembert. Jean Le Rond 1717\uff5e1783)\ub4f1\ub3c4 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860 \ub610\ub294 \uc720\ubb3c\ub860\uacc4\uc758 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud601\uba85\uc758 \uacbd\uc704\ub860 \ubcf4\uc544\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uac1c\uc131\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ud3c9\ub4f1\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc804\uccb4\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.  \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc740 \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \uc138\uc6cc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0b4\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc774\ub8e9\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00\ub824\ub294 \uc778\uac04 \ubcf8\uc131\uc758 \ub0b4\uc801\uc778 \ucd94\uad6c\uc758 \uae38\uc744 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub9c9\uace0 \uc678\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \ub354\uc6b1 \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uc5ec, \ub3c5\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub808\ub2cc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uccb4\uacc4\ud654\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub978 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.          2. \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758  \uc601\uad6d\uc774\ub098 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \ub300\ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\ud604\ub41c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uadf8 \ubc1c\ub2e8\ubd80\ud130\uac00 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4. \ud6c4\uc790\ub294 \uac00\uc778\ud615 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc758 \uc18c\uc0b0\uc778 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860 \ubc0f \uc720\ubb3c\ub860\uc758 \uc8fc\ucc3d\uc790\ub4e4\uc774, \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud0c0\ud30c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc2e4\ud604\ud55c \uac00\uc778\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc600\uc74c\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec, \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc544\ubca8\ud615 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc758 \uacb0\uc2e4\uccb4\uc778 \uc601\uad11\uc801\uc778 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774, \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ucc3e\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc2f8\uc6cc \uc2b9\ub9ac\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc2e4\ud604\ud55c \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc600\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.  \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\uc5ec \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\ub294\uac00\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc790. \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucc30\uc2a4 1\uc138\uac00 \uc804\uc81c\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uad6d\uad50\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud568\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544, \ub9ce\uc740 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544 \uc720\ub7fd\ub0b4\uc758 \ud0c0\uad6d \ub610\ub294 \uc2e0\ub300\ub959\uc73c\ub85c \uc62e\uae30\uc5c8\uace0, \uc77c\ucc0c\uae30 \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \uc885\uad50\uc801\uc778 \uc555\ubc15\uc744 \ubc1b\ub358 \uc77c\ubd80\uc758 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uad6d\ubbfc\ub9f9\uc57d\uc744 \uacb0\uc758\ud558\uace0 \uad6d\uc655\uc5d0 \ud56d\uac70\ud558\uc600\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4(1640\ub144).  \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \uc758\ud68c\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \ud06c\ub86c\uc6f0(Cromwell, Oliver1599\uff5e1658)\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud558\uace0 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4(1642\ub144). \uadf8\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc81c\uc784\uc2a4 2\uc138\uc758 \uc804\uc81c\uc815\uce58\uc640 \uad6d\uad50\uc758 \uac15\ud654\uac00 \uadf9\uc2ec\ud558\uc5ec\uc9c0\uc790, \uadf8\uc758 \uc0ac\uc704\ub85c\uc11c \ud640\ub79c\ub4dc\ucd1d\ub3c5\uc73c\ub85c \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc624\ub80c\uc9c0\uacf5 \uc70c\ub9ac\uc554(Wiliam \u2162 1650\uff5e1702)\uc740, 1688\ub144\uc5d0 \uad70\ub300\ub97c \uac70\ub290\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ubbfc\uad8c\uc758 \uc639\ud638\ub97c \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub959\ud558\uc5ec \ubb34\ud608\ub85c \uc655\uc704\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub790\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc70c\ub9ac\uc554\uc774 \uc655\uc704\uc5d0 \uc624\ub974\uc790 \uadf8\ub294 \uc758\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c1\uc2e0\ud55c \u2018\uad8c\ub9ac\uc758 \uc120\uc5b8\u2019\uc744 \uc2b9\uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc758\ud68c\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc601\uad6d\ud5cc\ubc95\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774 \ud601\uba85\uc740 \ubb34\ud608\ub85c \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uc600\uae30 \ub300\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uba85\uc608\ud601\uba85\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640\uac19\uc774 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \uc774 \ud601\uba85\uc740, \uc678\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uba74 \ubb3c\ub860 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uacc4\uae09\uc774 \uadc0\uc871 \uc2b9\ub824 \ub4f1 \ub300\uc9c0\uc8fc\uacc4\uae09\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ud589\ubc29\uc744 \uc5bb\uc73c\ub824\uace0 \ud55c \ub370\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \uc6d0\uc778\uc740 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ud601\uba85\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ub0b4\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ud574\ubc29\uc744 \uc5bb\uc73c\ub824\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.  \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc804\uc81c\uc8fc\uc758 \uc655\uc815\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0c4\uc555\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2e0\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc5bb\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec, \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc2e0\ub300\ub959\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\uac00\uc11c 1776\ub144\uc5d0 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640\uac19\uc774 \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\ub9bd\ub41c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \uc778\uc0dd\uad00\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\ud558\uace0, \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ucc3e\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uac1c\ud601\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ud601\uba85\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc218\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc544\ubca8\ud615\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4.          \u2161. \uc0bc\uad8c\ubd84\ub9bd\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc801 \uc758\uc758  3\uad8c\ubd84\ub9bd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uccb4\uc81c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec, \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uad8c\ub825\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \uac1c\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec, \uacc4\ubabd\uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc\uc758 \uc911\uc9c4\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ubabd\ucf00\uc2a4\ud0a4\uc678(Montesquieu, 1689\uff5e1755)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc81c\ucc3d\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc778\ub370, \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85 \ub54c \u2018\uc778\uad8c\uc120\uc5b8\u2019\uc758 \uc120\ud3ec\ub85c\uc368 \uc2e4\ud604\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc774 3\uad8c\ubd84\ub9bd\uc740 \ud558\ub298\ud3b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\ub824 \ud588\ub358 \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c\uc11c, \ubcf5\uadc0\uc12d\ub9ac\uc758 \uc804 \ub178\uc815\uc774 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\ub4ef\uc774, \uc774\uac83 \ub610\ud55c \uc0ac\ud0c4\ud3b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc55e\uc9c8\ub7ec \ube44\uc6d0\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \uba3c\uc800 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4 \ub193\uc740 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uac83\uc778\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc790.  \ucc3d\uc870\uc6d0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1d\ud78c \ubc14\uc640\uac19\uc774, \ud53c\uc870\uc138\uacc4\ub294 \uc644\uc131\ud55c \uc778\uac04 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \ucc3d\uc870\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc644\uc131\ud55c \uc778\uac04\ub4e4\ub85c\uc368 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\ub3c4 \uc5ed\uc2dc, \uc644\uc131\ud55c \uc778\uac04 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ub2ee\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc778\uccb4\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uae30\uad00\uc774 \ub450\ub1cc\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc774, \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uae30\uad00\ub3c4 \uc624\uc9c1 \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc601\uc704\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \ub610 \ub450\ub1cc\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uba85\ub839\uc774 \ucc99\uc218\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \ub9d0\ucd08\uc2e0\uacbd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc628 \ubab8\uc5d0 \uc804\ub2ec\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uacfc\uac19\uc774, \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc740 \ucc99\uc218\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc640, \uadf8\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \ub9d0\ucd08\uc2e0\uacbd\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uc131\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\ud68c \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \ube60\uc9d0\uc5c6\uc774 \ubbf8\uccd0\uc838\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc778\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \ucc99\uc218\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \ub9d0\ucd08\uc2e0\uacbd\uc740 \ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc774\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c \uad6c\uc2e4\uc740, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\ud55c \uc131\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. 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