{"id":45431,"date":"2002-08-08T22:51:22","date_gmt":"2002-08-08T22:51:22","guid":{"rendered":"tn-import:\/\/a_tn2_catholicdictionary3_list\/10254"},"modified":"2002-08-08T22:51:22","modified_gmt":"2002-08-08T22:51:22","slug":"tn_a_tn2_catholicdictionary3_list_10254","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.missa.or.kr\/?p=45431","title":{"rendered":"\uc131\uc0ac\ucd1d\ub860-\uc131\uc0ac\uc77c\ubc18\ub860 \ud615\uc131\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uacfc\uc815(\uc911\uc138 \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud5591)"},"content":{"rendered":"

 
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4.2.     \uc911\uc138 \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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4.2.1.   \uc131\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \u5b9a\u7fa9\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544\uc11c<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\uad50\ud68c\uc0ac\uc801 \ubc30\uacbd: \uc911\uc138\ub294 \ub300\ub7b5 500-1500\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc77c\uceeb\ub294\ub2e4. \uc911\uc138 \ucd08\uae30 (500-1050)\ub294 476\ub144 \uc11c\ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \uba78\ub9dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud328\uad8c\uc774 \ub85c\ub9c8 \uc81c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uac8c\ub974\ub9cc \uc871\uc5d0\uac8c\ub85c \ub118\uc5b4\uac00\uba74\uc11c, \uc57c\ub9cc\uc871\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uac8c\ub974\ub9cc\uc871\uc774 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \ubb38\uba85\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uace0\ub300 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \uad50\ubd80\ud559\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\uc11c\uc2e0\ud559\uc744 \u50b3\u627f\ud558\uace0 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2e0\ud559\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub178\ub825\ud558\uae30 \ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc804\ub798\ub41c \uac83\uc744 \ucda9\uc2e4\ud788 \uc9c0\ud0a4\uace0, \uc804\ub840 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 (\ubca0\ub4dc\ub85c\uc758 \uad8c\uc704 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0) \ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \uc804\ub840\ub97c \ub2f5\uc2b5\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ubaa8\ubc29\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ub825\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uc911\uc138 \ucd08\uae30\ub97c \u2018\uc2e0\ud559\uc774 \uc5c6\ub358 \uc2dc\ub300\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \uae4c\uc9c0 \ud45c\ud604\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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11\uc138\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ud074\ub8e8\ub2c8 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uac1c\ud601\uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uadf8\ub808\uace0\ub9ac\uc624 \uac1c\ud601\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838\uc11c \uad50\ud68c \uc0dd\ud65c\uc774 \uc2ec\ud654\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 12, 13\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc2e0\ud559\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0\uc758 \uccb4\uacc4\ud654\uc640 \uc138\ubd84\ud654\ub97c \ucd08\ub798\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc801 \uc11c\uad6c\uac00 \uad50\ud669\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1b5\uc77c\uccb4\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\ud560\uc218\ub85d \uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c \uc81c \ubbfc\uc871 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\uc801 \uad50\ub958\uac00 \ud65c\ubc1c\ud558\uc5ec\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\ub78d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4 \ucca0\ud559\uc774 \uc11c\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc720\uc785\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \uad50\ub958\ub294 \uc804\ub798\ub41c \uac83\uc744 \ub2e4\ubc29\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc790\uadf9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud559\ubb38\ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc740 \uc218\ub3c4\ud68c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 1200\ub144 \uacbd\ubd80\ud130 \uc0c8\ub85c \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud55c \ub300\ud559\uc73c\ub85c \uc62e\uaca8\uac14\ub2e4 1200\ub144 \uacbd\uc5d0 \ud30c\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\ub7f0 \ud559\uad50\uc758 \uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \u2018\uad50\uc0ac\ub2e8\u2019 universitas magistrorum\uc744 \ud615\uc131, \uc774 \ubb34\ub835 \ubcfc\ub85c\ub0d0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5f0\ud569\uc778 \ud559\uc0dd\ub2e8 = universitas scholarium\uc774 \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud6c4 \uc774\ub7f0 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9ce\uc740 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uadf8\uac83\ub4e4\uc774 \uac04\ub2e8\ud788 \u2018\ub300\ud559\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\ube60\ub9ac\uc758 \uc544\uc6b0\uadf8\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub178 \uc218\uc0ac\ud68c \uc18c\uc18d \uc2e0\ud559\uc790\ub85c\uc368 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc774 \ucef8\ub358 \ube45\ud1a0\ub974\uc758 \ud6c4\uace0(Hugo von St. Viktor, +1141)\ub294 \ud611\uc758\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\uc758\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \u201c\ud45c\uc9c0\u201d\ub780 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \ub108\ubb34 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5ec\uacbc\ub294\ub370, \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \ud45c\uc9c0\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud45c\ud604\ub41c \ubc14\ub97c \uc8fc\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \u201c\uadf8\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574\uc11c \uc131\uc0ac \uc548\uc5d0\ub294 \ud45c\uc9d5\uc131 (Zeichenhaftigkeit)\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud6a8\uacfc\uc131 (Wirksamkeit)\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4\u201d.1)<\/SUP><\/A> \uc989 \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \u201c\ub2f4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\u201d. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \ud45c\uc9c0\uc77c \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \ub2f4\ub294 \uadf8\ub987\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub987\uc774\ub780 \ube44\uc720\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559 \uc131\uc0ac\ub860\uc758 \uce58\uc720\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ud574\uac00 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub09c\ub2e4: \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uc131\uc0ac \uc740\ucd1d\uc740 \uc8c4\uc640 \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc57d\uc73c\ub85c \ub110\ub9ac \uc774\ud574\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc131\uc0ac \uc790\uccb4\ub294 \uc57d\uc744 \ub2f4\ub294 \uadf8\ub987\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uacbc\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\uace0\ub300 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac\uac00 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \uc804\ud558\ub294 \ud45c\uc9c0\ub77c\uace0 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\uc81c \uc911\uc138 \ucd08\uae30 \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac\ub97c \ucd95\uc131\ub41c \ubb3c\uc9c8\ub85c\uc11c \ubcf4\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ub3d9\ubc29\uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \uc218\uc5ec\uc790\uc640 \uc218\ucde8\uc790 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud654 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub358 \uc804\ub840\uac00 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \uc694\uc18c (\ube75, \ud3ec\ub3c4\uc8fc, \uae30\ub984)\ub97c \ucd95\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\ud6c4\uace0\uc758 \u4e3b\u8457\u66f8 \u201cDe sacramentis christianae fidei\u201d\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \ubcc0\ucc9c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\ud615\uc801\uc778 \uc608\uc774\ub2e4. \uc81c\ubaa9\uc5d0\uc11c \u201csacramentum\u201d\uc740 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc2e0\ube44, \uc2e0\uc559 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ubc88\uc5ed\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4: \u201c\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc2e0\ube44\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\u201d. \ud6c4\uace0\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc800\uc11c \uc804\ubc18\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc3d\uc870, \uc2e0\uc559, \uc61b \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uace0\ub098\uc11c, \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud611\uc758\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8ec\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \ub0b4\ub9b0 \uc815\uc758\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \u201c\uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \uac10\uac01\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uac01\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc721\uccb4\uc801 \ub610\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc678\uc801 \uc694\uc18c\ub85c\uc11c, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc601\uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \ube44\uc2b7\ud568\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uba70, \uc124\uc815\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uace0, \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \ucd95\uc131\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ub2e4.\u201d2)<\/SUP><\/A> \ud6c4\uace0\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac \uc815\uc758\ub294 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uc694\uc57d\ub41c\ub2e4: 1) \ube44\ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \ud45c\uc9c0, 2) \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc81c\uc815, 3) \ud45c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc0ac\uc81c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ucd95\uc131\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368  \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud3ec\ud568(\ub9c8\uce58 \uadf8\ub987\ucc98\ub7fc). \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc131\uc0ac \uac1c\ub150\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uac00\uc2dc\uc801 \ud45c\uc9d5, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc81c\uc815, \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \ud3ec\ud568\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \ud544\uc218 \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud604\uc7ac\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\ub974\ub294 \ud611\uc758\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac \uac1c\ub150\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc131\uc0ac \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \uaddc\uc815, \ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \ud6c4\uace0\uac00 \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \ud544\uc218\uc801 \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uaf3d\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc81c\uc815\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00\ud574\uc11c \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \uc22b\uc790\uac00 \uace0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf8 \ubc14\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uace0\ub300\uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uace0 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uaddc\uc815 \uc9c0\uc6cc\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 12\uc138\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uacc4\uc18d\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc758 \uc804\ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc544\uc9c1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc758\uacac\uc774 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0e4\ub974\ub728\ub974(Chartres)\uc758 \uc8fc\uad50 \ud480\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8(Fulbert, +1028), \ubdf0\ub974\ucbd4\ubd80\ub974\ud06c(Würzburg)\uc758 \uc8fc\uad50 \ube0c\ub974\ub178(Bruno, + 1045)\ub294 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc131\uc0ac, \uc989 \uc138\ub840\uc640 \uc131\ucc2c\ub840\ub9cc\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud074\ub808\ub974\ubcf4(Clairvaux)\uc758 \ubca0\ub974\ub098\ub974\ub3c4(Bernhard, +1153)\ub294 10\uac00\uc9c0 \uc131\uc0ac (\uadf8\uc911\uc5d0 \uc138\uc871\ub840\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568), \ubca0\ub4dc\ub85c \ub2e4\ubbf8\uc544\ub2c8(Petrus Damiani, +1072) \ucd94\uae30\uacbd\uc740 12 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc131\uc0ac (\uc655\uc758 \ub3c4\uc720\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568) \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc774 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb34\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ube44\ub85c\uc18c \ucd08\uae30 \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec\uc11c \uadf8 \uc2e0\ud559\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \uc131\uc0ac\ub860\uc774\ub780 \uacfc\ubaa9\uacfc \uc131\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\uc758\ub97c \ub0b4\ub9ac\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\uac00 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uace0 \uc77c\uacf1 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc131\uc0ac\ub85c \uace0\uc815 \ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac\ub97c 7\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc81c\ud55c\ud55c \ubca0\ub4dc\ub85c \ub86c\ubc14\ub974\ub450\uc2a4(Petrus Lombardus, +1160)\uc758 \uacac\ud574\uac00 \uad00\ucca0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\ubca0\ub4dc\ub85c \ub86c\ubc14\ub974\ub450\uc2a4\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac\uac00 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \ub2f4\ub294 \uadf8\ub987\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uaddc\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \u201c\ubcf8\ub798\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00 \ud558\uba74, \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \ud45c\uc9c0\ub85c\uc11c, \uadf8 \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5(imago)\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0, \uadf8 \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778(causa)\uc73c\ub85c \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4\u201d.3)<\/SUP><\/A> \u201cimago\u201d\ub780 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \uace0\ub300 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \ud68c\uc0c1\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uba70, \u201ccausa\u201d\ub780 \uc5b4\ud718\ub294 \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub09c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uaca0\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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4.2.2.  \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc778 \uc131\uc0ac<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0 \u201c\uc6d0\uc778\u201d(causa)\uc774\ub780 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uac00 \uc8fc\uc800 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \ubcc0\ud615\ub41c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc744 \uaebc\ub824\ud558\uc600\ub358 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc11c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\uc600\ub2e4. \uc131\uc0ac\uac00 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \uc804\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \ub54c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc8fc\uad8c\uc774 \uce68\ud574\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub290\ub0d0\ub294 \uc2e0\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uad6c\uc2ec\uacfc, \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uac83(\uc608\uc2dd\uc758 \uc694\uc18c)\uc774 \uc815\uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uac83 (\uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc601\ud63c)\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce60 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uc778\uac04\ud559\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uadf8\uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubc30\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\uc0ac\uac00 \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c 3\uac00\uc9c0 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc124\uba85\uc774 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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1) \uc124\ube44\uc801(\u8a2d\u5099\u7684) \ud6a8\uacfc:  \ucd08\uae30 \ud504\ub780\uce58\uc2a4\uaf2c\ud68c \uc2e0\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc800\uc11c\uc778 \u201cSumma Halensis\u201d(1235 \uc774\ud6c4)\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac\uac00 \uc124\ube44\uc801 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2cc\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\ub974\uce5c\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \uc601\ud63c\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc124\ube44\ub97c \uc774\ub8e9\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc740\ucd1d \uc790\uccb4\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub3c4\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uba74, \uc131\uc0ac \u2192 \uc778\uac04 \u2192 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc740\ucd1d<\/SPAN><\/SPAN> <\/P>
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2) \uacc4\uc57d\uc124(\uc870\uac74\uc124):  \ubcf4\ub098\ubca4\ub69c\ub77c(Bonaventura, +1274)\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc800\uc11c \u201cBreviloquium\u201d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\uc0ac\uac00 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \uc778\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc57c\uae30(\u60f9\u8d77)\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \ubc30\ucc99\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uc624\uc9c1 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\ub9cc\uc774 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \uc8fc\uc2dc\uba70, \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 \uc131\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubb36\uc5ec \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \u201c\uadf8\ub987\u201d\uc774\ub098 \u201c\uc6d0\uc778\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774 \uc815\ud558\uc2e0 \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \uc131\uc0ac \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c, \uadf8\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ubc1b\uac8c\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc740\ucd1d\uc774 \uc804\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc131\uc0ac \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c \ub2a5\ub825\uc5d0 \u8d77\u56e0 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774 \uc815\ud558\uc2e0 \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0 \uae30\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ub098\ubca4\ub69c\ub77c\uac00 \uba85\uc81c \uc8fc\uc11d\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c \ubc14\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uc131\uc0ac\uac00 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \uc804\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \ub9c8\uce58 \uacc4\uc57d\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c(ex quadam pactione) \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc57d\uc18d \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc131\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uc744 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub9e4\ubc88 \uadf8 \uc131\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uc740\ucd1d\uc774 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uaed8\uc11c \uc57d\uc18d(\uacc4\uc57d)\ud558\uc168\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4: \uc131\uc0ac \u2192 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \u2192 \uc778\uac04<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\ubcf4\ub098\ubca4\ub69c\ub77c\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \u201c\uba85\uc81c\uc8fc\uc11d\uc11c\u201d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\ube44\uc801 \uc778\uacfc\uc131\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uacfc \uacc4\uc57d\uc124 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\ub97c \ub2e4 \uc804\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \ub450\ubc88\uc9f8\uc758 \uac83\uc744 \uc120\ud638\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc124 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub290 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \ub2e8\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uc774 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc131\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc598\uae30\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc801\ud569\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4: \u201c\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc2e0\ube44\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5b8\uae09\ud560 \ub54c \ucca0\uc800\ud788 \uc774\uc131\uc5d0\ub9cc \ub9e4\ub2ec\ub824\uc11c\ub294 \uc548\ub41c\ub2e4\u201d.4)<\/SUP><\/A><\/SPAN> <\/P>
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3) \ub3c4\uad6c\uc801 \uc6d0\uc778: \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4(Thomas Aquinas, +1274)\ub294 \ubcf4\ub098\ubca4\ub69c\ub77c\uac00 \uc120\ud638\ud588\ub358 \uacc4\uc57d\uc124\uc5d0 \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4. \uacc4\uc57d\uc124\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud55c\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uac89\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \ubc11\ubc1b\uce68\ud560 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac\uc801 \ud6a8\ub825\uc740 \uc655\uc774 \ub0b4\ub9b0 \ud6c8\ub839\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ubc31 \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc\uc758 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uac16\ub294 \ub0a9\uc804\uc5d0 \ube44\uae38 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \ub0a9\uc804\uc740 \uc9c4\uc9dc \uae08\uc5d0 \ube44\ud558\uba74 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c\ub294 \uc544\ubb34 \uac00\uce58\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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\uc774\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \ub3c4\uad6c\uc801 \uc778\uacfc\uc131\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc744 \ub0b4\uc138\uc6b0\uba70 \uc131\uc0ac\uac00 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \ub3c4\uad6c(causa instrumentalis)\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 \uc740\ucd1d \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc6d0\ub798\uc801\uc778 \uc8fc\uccb4\ub85c \uba38\ubb34\ub974\uc2e0\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c \uc740\ucd1d \uc804\ub2ec\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \ubaa9\uc218\uac00 \ucc45\uc0c1\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4 \ub54c \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud1b1\uc5d0 \ube44\uad50\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucc45\uc0c1 (\uc740\ucd1d)\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\uac8c \ub41c \uc8fc \uc6d0\uc778\uc740 \ubaa9\uc218 (\ud558\ub290\ub2d8)\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1b1\uc740 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \ub110\ud310\uc9c0\ub97c \uc790\ub974\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \ucc45\uc0c1\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uad6c\uc801 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc758\uacac\uc5d0\ub294 \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uacfc \uc740\ucd1d \uc804\ub2ec\uc758 \ub9e4\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560 \ubaa8\ub450\ub97c \uc0b4\ub9ac\ub824\ub294 \ub178\ub825\uc774 \ubc18\uc601\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4: \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \u2192 \uc131\uc0ac \u2192 \uc778\uac04<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774 \uc740\ucd1d \uc804\ub2ec\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc721\uc2e0\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ud45c\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc721\uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uac04\uc5d0\uac8c \uc801\ud569\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \ubb3c\uc9c8\uacfc \uc721\uc2e0\uc131\uc744 \uae0d\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uac01\uc740 \uadf8 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \ud504\ub780\uce58\uc2a4\uaf2c\ud68c\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559\uacfc\ub294 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \ub098\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc815\uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uac04\uc774 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ud45c\uc9c0\uc640 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uac16\uc544\uc57c\ub9cc\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc778\uac04 \uc815\uc2e0\uc744 \uacb8\uc190\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc21c\uc885\uc758 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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4.2.3.  \u4e8b\u6548\u7684 \u6548\u529b (ex opere operato)<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc740 \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \u201c\u4eba\u6548\u7684\uc73c\ub85c\u201d (ex opere operantis) \uc989 \uc131\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9d1\uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc758 \ud798\uc73c\ub85c \ud6a8\ub825\uc744 \ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c,  \u201c\u4e8b\u6548\u7684\uc73c\ub85c\u201d (ex opere operato) \uc989 \uc608\uc2dd\uc758 \uc218\ud589\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \ud6a8\ub825\uc744 \ub0b8\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\ub974\uce5c\ub2e4: \uc720\ud6a8\ud55c \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac \uc9d1\uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc758\ub85c\uc6c0\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \ub2a5\ub825\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294\ub370, \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \ubcf8\ub798 \uc811\uc804\uc790\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \ud639\uc740 \uc608\uc218 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc774\uc2dc\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc740 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \ud615\uc131\ub41c \ubc30\uacbd\uc744 \uc54c \ub54c \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\ub0b4\uc6a9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544\uc11c\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \uc0ac\ud6a8\uc801 \ud6a8\ub825\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 3\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uc774\ub2e8\uc790 \uc138\ub840\ub17c\uc7c1\uacfc 4\uc138\uae30\uc758 \ub3c4\ub098\ub69c\uc2a4\ud30c\uc640\uc758 \ub300\uacb0\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4.5)<\/SUP><\/A> \uc774 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc131\ud589\ud558\ub358 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc774\ub2e8\ud30c\uc758 \ucd94\uc885\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubaa8\uad50\ud68c\uc778 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\uae30\ub97c \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc138\ub840\ub97c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ub17c\uc7c1\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc640 \uc18c\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ub2e8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3cc\uc544\uc628 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc138\ub840\ub97c \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uce74\ub974\ud0c0\uace0\uc758 \uce58\ubfcc\ub9ac\uc544\ub178 \uc8fc\uad50\ub294 \uc774\ub2e8\uc790\uac00 \ubca0\ud47c \uc138\ub840\ub294 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub77c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc7ac \uc138\ub840\ub97c \ubca0\ud480\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc694, \uc131\ub839\uc740 \uc774 \uad50\ud68c \uc548\uc5d0\ub9cc \uba38\ubb3c\uace0 \uacc4\uc2e0\ub2e4, \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ucc38 \uad50\ud68c \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc138\ub840\ub294 \uc131\ub839\uc744 \uc804\ud574\uc8fc\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ubb34\ud6a8\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc640 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc138\ub840\ub294 \ud55c\ubc88 \ubc16\uc5d0 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uacac\uc9c0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \uc8fc\uad50 \uc2a4\ud14c\ud30c\ub178 1\uc138\ub294 \uc138\ub840\uc131\uc0ac \ub54c \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\ub840\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\uc9c0\uc6e0\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c\ub4e0 \uc0bc\uc704\uc77c\uccb4\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc0ac\uac00 \ubca0\ud480\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74 \uadf8 \uc138\ub840\ub294 \uc720\ud6a8\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ub85c\ub9c8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ub2e8\uc790 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc138\ub840 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc774\uac00 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc62c \ub54c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc138\ub840\ub97c \uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc548\uc218\ub9cc \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud14c\ud30c\ub178 1\uc138\ub294 \ub85c\ub9c8\uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uad00\uc2b5\ub9cc\uc774 \uc804\uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc18d\ub825\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \uc120\ud3ec\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368(DS 110) \uc77c\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ubd84\uc5f4\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uacb0\uad6d \ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc774 \uad00\ucca0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 4\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub098\ud22c\uc2a4\ud30c\uc640\uc758 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c\ubc88 \ub300\ub450\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\ud638 \uad50\ub9ac\uac00 \ud615\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \uc0ac\ud6a8\uc131 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uad50\ud68c \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubc88 \ub3c4\uc804\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uadf8\ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \u2018\uc554\ud751\uc758 \uc138\uae30\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \uc77c\uceeb\ub294 8\uc138\uae30\ubd80\ud130 12\uc138\uae30 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uad50\ud68c \uc0c1\ud669\uc740 \ub9ce\uc740 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ub0b4\ud3ec\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ubb38\uc81c\uc2dc \ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c5\uc2e0\uc0dd\ud65c\uc5d0 \ucda9\uc2e4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc744 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub9ce\uc740 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ube44\ud310\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ubd80\ud328\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc815\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \ub9ce\uc740 \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\ub450\uc2a4\ud30c(Waldenser)\uc640 \uce74\ud0c0\ub9ac\ud30c(Katharer, \ubd88\ub780\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Albi \uc9c0\ubc29\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc0b0\ub418\uc5b4\uc11c \uc54c\ube44\ud30c\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ubd88\ub9ac\uc6b4\ub2e4)\ub4e4\uc778\ub370, \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc0dd\ud65c\uacfc \ub3c4\ub355\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ub0b4\uc138\uc6b0\uba74\uc11c \ud0c0\ub77d\ud55c \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uac00 \ubca0\ud47c \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \uc804\ub2ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud574\uc11c \uad50\ud669 \uc774\ub178\uccb8\uc2dc\uc624 3\uc138(1198-1216)\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac \uc9d1\ud589\uc790\uc758 \uc131\ub355\uacfc \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131\uacfc\ub294 \ubb34\uad00\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc744 \uc7ac \ud655\uc778 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.6)<\/SUP><\/A> 15\uc138\uae30 \ucd08\uc5d0 \uc704\ud074\ub9ac\ud504\ub294 \ub204\uad6c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uc8c4\uc911\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc790\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0c1\uc2e4\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc8c4\uc911\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc8fc\uad50\ub098 \uc0ac\uc81c\uac00 \uc9d1\ud589\ud55c \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub77c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4. \ucf58\uc2a4\ud0c4\uce20 \uacf5\uc758\ud68c(1414-1418)\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc704\ud074\ub9ac\ud504\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \uc0ac\ud6a8\uc131\uc744 \uc7ac \ud655\uc778\ud558\uc600\ub2e4: \u201c\ub9cc\uc77c \ub300\uc8c4\uc911\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc8fc\uad50\ub098 \uc0ac\uc81c\uac00 \uc11c\ud488\ud558\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ucd95\uc131\ud558\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc131\uccb4\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc138\ub840\ub97c \uc8fc\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 […] \uc774\ub294 \ub9c8\uadc0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4\u201d(DS 1154).<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\uc774\ub807\uac8c \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc5c4\uaca9\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \uc131\uc0ac\uac00 \uc0ac\ud6a8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uac70\ub4ed \ud655\uc778\ud574\uc654\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc774 \uc758\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\ub97c \uc694\uc57d\ud558\uba74: \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131\uc740 \uc131\uc0ac \uc9d1\uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc62c\ubc14\ub978 \uc2e0\uc559\uc774\ub098 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc644\uc804\uc131\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub824\uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uad50\ud68c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc608\uc2dd\uc778 \uc131\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubcf8\ub798\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8, \ub610\ub294 \uc608\uc218 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc740 \ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \uac1d\uad00\uc131\uc744 \uc5bb\ub294\ub2e4: \uc8fc\uad00\uc801\uc778 \ub3d9\uc778(\u52d5\u56e0) – \uc131\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9d1\uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\uc559\uacfc \uac1c\ubc29\uc131 – \uc5d0 \uc55e\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc740\ucd1d\uc774 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \uba3c\uc800 \uc640 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\uc131\uc0ac \ud6a8\ub825\uc758 \uac1d\uad00\uc131\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \u201cex opere operato\u201d\ub780 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc6d0\ub798 \uad6c\uc6d0\ub860\uc5d0 \uadf8 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub97c \ub450\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucd08\uae30 \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\uc218\uc758 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc758 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\ud574\uc11c \uc598\uae30\ud560 \ub54c, \uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \uc608\uc218\uc758 \uc790\uae30 \ubd09\ud5cc\uc758 (\uc88b\uc740) \uc5c5\uc801\uc744 \u201copus operatum\u201d\uc774\ub77c \ud558\uace0, \uc608\uc218\ub97c \uc8fd\uc74c\uc5d0\ub85c \uc774\ub048 \uc778\uac04\uc758 (\ub098\uc05c) \uc5c5\uc801\uc744 \u201copus operans\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc5ec \uc11c\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\uc9c0\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub2e4\uac00 \uc911\uae30 \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0 \uc640\uc11c \u201cex opere operato\u201d – \u201cex opere operantis\u201d\uc758 \ub450 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \uc131\uc0ac\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud574\uc11c \uac1d\uad00\uc801, \uc2e0\uc801 \ub3d9\uc778\uacfc \uc8fc\uad00\uc801, \uc778\uac04\uc801 \ub3d9\uc778\uc744 \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc911\uae30 \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub294 \uc2e0\uc57d\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac\uc640 \uad6c\uc57d\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac, \uc900\uc131\uc0ac\uc640 \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud6c4\uc790\ub294 \uc624\uc9c1 opus operantis(\ud45c\uc9c0\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub418\ub294 \uc131\uc0ac \ucc38\uac00\uc790\uc758 \uc2e0\uc559)\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud574\uc11c, \uc804\uc790\ub294 opus operaum(\uc131\uc0ac \uc548\uc5d0 \ub0b4\ud3ec\ub41c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc5c5\uc801)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
\n

\uc885\uad50 \uac1c\ud601 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \u201cex opere operato\u201d\uc758 \uc815\uc2dd\uc774 \uc2e0\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc758 \uc131\uc0ac\uc2e0\ud559\uc740 \ub9c8\uc220\uc801 \uc758\uc2dd\uc8fc\uc758 \ubb3c\ub4e4\uace0 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc608\uc2dd \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub354 \ube44\uc911\uc744 \ub450\uae30\uc5d0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uc18c\ud640\ud788 \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ud639\uc744 \ub354\ud574\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774 \uc815\uc2dd\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub09c \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc758\ud5a5\uc740 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc758\ud639\uacfc\ub294 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ubc18\ub300\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8 \uace0\ub300 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uc131\uc0ac \uc9d1\uc804\uc790\uc758 \uac1c\uc778\uc801, \ub0b4\uc801 \uc790\uc138\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc6b0\uc704\uc5d0 \ub450\uc5c8\ub4ef\uc774, \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \u201cex opere operato\u201d\ub780 \uc815\uc2dd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uc131\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uac04\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8, \ud639\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uac00 \ud589\ub3d9\uc758 \uc8fc\uccb4\uc784\uc744 \ud655\uace0\ud788 \ud558\uc600\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \uc2e0\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\uc774 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\ub860 – \uad6c\uc6d0\ub860\uc5d0 \uc788\uc74c(opus operatum\uc740 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \uac00\uc838\ub2e4 \uc8fc\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc790\uae30 \ud76c\uc0dd\uc774\ub2e4)\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc5c5\uc801 \uc0c1\uad00\uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4: \uc608\uc2dd \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0 \uadf8 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc640 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774 \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

<\/P><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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