\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc790\uc5f0\ud604\uc0c1\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \uc77c\uc740 \uc120\ucc9c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud574\uc838 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c, \uacb0\ucf54 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \ud798\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubcc0\uacbd \ubabb \uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4\ub294 \uccb4\ub150\uad00(\u8ae6\u5ff5\u89c0)\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\uba70, \ub2e4\ub978 \ub9d0\ub85c \uc219\uba85\ub860(\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6)\uc774\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc744 \ubbff\ub294 \uac83\uc740, \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \ud798\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc5b4\ucc0c\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\uba85\uc758 \ud798\uc774\uba70, \uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub77c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uc12d\ub9ac(\u651d\u7406, providence)\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubd80\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \uac83\uc740, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ubc0f \uac8c\ub974\ub9cc\uc758 \uc774\uad50\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8 \uad50\uc138\uc758 \ubab0\ub77d\ud604\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc600\ub294\ub370. \uc544\ub77c\ube44\uc544\uc5d0\uc120 \u2018\ud0a4\uc2a4\uba54\ud2b8\u2019(kismet)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub824 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uad50\uc758 \uadfc\ubcf8 \uad50\ub9ac\uc758 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucca0\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \ub54c\ub294, \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc740 \uc2a4\ud1a0\uc544\ud30c\ub97c \uc77c\ub2e8 \uac70\uce5c \ub4a4 \ub2c8\uccb4(Friedrich Nietzsche, 1844~1900)\uc758 \u2018\uc601\uc6d0\ud68c\uadc0\u2019(\u6c38\u9060\u56de\u6b78, ewige Wiedderkunft)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8 \uae30\ucd08\uac00 \ub2e4\uc838\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uace0\ub300 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740, \uc778\uac04\uc774\ub098 \uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774\ub098 \ub2e4\uac19\uc774 \u2018\uc6b4\uba85\u2019\uc744 \ub73b\ud558\ub294 \ud5e4\uc774\ub9c8\ub974\uba54\ub124(Eimarmene), \uc544\uc774\uc0ac(aisa), \ubaa8\uc774\ub77c(moira)\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uac15\uc81c\ub825 \uc544\ub798 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc880 \ub354 \uacbd\ubc15\ud55c \uc0dd\uac01\uc5d0\uc11c, \uadf8 \ud798\uc744 \ud29c\ucf00(tuke)\ub77c \uc774\ub984 \ubd99\uc5ec \ub208\uac00\ub9ac\uac1c\ub97c \ud558\uace0\uc11c \uc7ac\ud654(\u8ca1\u8ca8)\ub97c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc8fc\ub294 \uc5ec\uc2e0(\uf981\u795e)\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4, \uc774 \ubaa8\uc774\ub77c\uc640 \ud29c\ucf00\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ub418\ub294 \ub85c\ub9c8 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \ub9d0\uc740 \u2018fatum\u2019[\uc2e0\uc0dd\uc544\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\ud0c1(\u795e\u8a17)]\uacfc \u2018fortuna\u2019[\ud589\ubcf5\uc758 \uc5ec\uc2e0]\uc774\ub2e4. \ubd81 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubbfc\uc871\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5b4\ud718 \uc18d\uc5d0, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc870\uc0c1\uc774 \ub0a8\uae34 \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uae30\uc5b5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc874\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub0b1\ub9d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc989 \uace0\ub300 \uac8c\ub974\ub9cc \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \ub9d0\uc5d0\ub294 \u2018\uc6b0\ub97c\ub77c\ud06c\u2019(Urlag) \uc989 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\uc815, \u2018\uba54\ud1a0\ub4dc\u2019(Metod) \ubc0f \u2018\uc6b0\ub974\ub4dc\ub974\u2019(Urdr) \uc989 \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc7ac\ud310\ud558\ub294 \ud798 \ub4f1 \uc219\uba85\uc5d0 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uac83\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc0ac\uac74\uc758 \uc778\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uba85\ub8cc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud55c, \ubbf8\uc9c0\uc758 \uce5c\ud654\uc801(\u89aa\u548c\u7684)\uc778 \ud798 \ud639\uc740 \uc801\ub300\uc801\uc778 \ud798\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\uc559\uc774 \ud65c\ubc1c\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud798\uc740 \ub300\uac1c \uc6b4\uba85\uc758 \uc5ec\uc2e0, \ubaa8\uc2e0(\u6bcd\u795e), \ub9c8\ub140(\u9b54\u5973), \ubcc4\uc758 \uc2e0 \ub530\uc704\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\uc131\uc774 \uac15\ud654\ub428\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc740 \ud6c4\ud1f4\ud558\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c\ub294, \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc219\uba85 \ub610\ub294 \uc6b4\uba85\uc744 \ubbff\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc219\uba85 \ub610\ub294 \uc6b4\uba85\uc774 \ucc28\ucc28 \ubcc0\uc9c8\ud558\uc5ec \uc6c5\ub300\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uad49\uc7a5\ud55c \ucd08\uc778\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uc138\uacc4 \ubc95\uce59\uc73c\ub85c \ud654\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc6d0\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \uc885\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \uc6b4\uba85\uc758 \uc774\ub150\uc774 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc870\uc9d0 \ub610\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\uc600\ub2e4 \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc219\uba85\uc774\ub098 \uc6b4\uba85\uc758 \uc2e0\uc559\uc740, \uc2e0\uc774 \uc774\uc131 \uc788\ub294 \uc131\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc778\uaca9\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc778\uc815\ub418\uace0, \uc2e0\uc774 \uc808\ub300\ub85c \ubc18\ud56d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub825\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud560 \ub54c\ub9cc\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uadf9\ubcf5 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \uc694\uc57d\ud558\uba74, \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc740 \uace0\ub300\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc9c0\ubc30\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \ud654\ubcf5(\u798d\u798f), \uc218\uba85, \uc0dd\uc0ac \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud55c \uba85\uc758 \uc545\uc2e0(\u60e1\u795e)\uc758 \uc190\uc544\uadc0\uc5d0 \uc88c\uc6b0\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc600\ub358 \ubc14\ube4c\ub860\uc758 \uc885\uad50\ub294 \ubb3c\ub860\uc774\uc694, \uc778\uac04 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \ud68c\uadc0\ud604\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\ubc95(\uf9e4\u6cd5)\uc774 \ubd88\uaddc\uce59\ud558\uace0 \ubd88\uc644\uc804\ud55c \ubaa8\uc591\uc73c\ub85c \ubc16\uc5d0\ub294 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc138\uacc4\ub294 \uc1e0\ud1f4, \ud30c\uba78\ub85c \uae30\uc6b8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c \ub9c8\ub828\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf8 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uad00\ub3c4, \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \ub178\uc7a5\uc0ac\uc0c1(\uf934\u838a\u601d\u60f3)\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc601\uc6d0\ud55c \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uce58 \uc989 \u2018\ub3c4\u2019(\u9053)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uce5c\uc790\uc758 \uc784\uba85 \ub610\ub294 \ud601\uba85\uc758 \ucc9c\uba85(\u5929\u547d)\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774\ub098, \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \u2018\uce74\ub974\ub9c8\u2019(Karma, \u696d)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc778\uacfc\uc751\ubcf4\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\ub098. \ud639\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \u2018\ubc14\ub77c\ubb38\u2019(\u5a46\u7f85\u9580, Brahmana)\uc758 \uc2e4\uc544\uccb4\ud5d8(\u5be6\u6211\u9ad4\u9a57), \ubc14\ub77c\ubb38\uc758 \uc785\uae40\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc138\uacc4\uac00 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud558\uba70 \uc0bc\ucf1c\uc9c0\ub294 \ucee4\ub2e4\ub780 \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc2dc\uac04 \ubb3c\uacb0 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub124 \uac1c\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uac00 \uacbd\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \ub370, \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ucd5c\ud6c4\uc758 \uac83\uc740 \uc545\ud654(\u60e1\u5316)\uc758 \ud798\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \u2018\uc2dc\uac04\u2019, \u2018\ub54c\u2019(Kala)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud30c\uba78, \uc989 \uc138\uacc4 \uc5f0\uc18c\ub85c \uc815\ud574\uc9c0\uba70, \uac1c\uc120\uc774\ub098 \uad6c\uc81c\uc758 \ubc29\ub3c4\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc0c1\ub3c4 \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc758 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uad50\uc758 \u2018\uc54c\ub77c\u2019(Allah)\uc2e0\uc559\ub3c4 \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\ub860(determinism)\uc774\ub098, \u2018\ucf54\ub780\u2019\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc81c\uc77c\uc758\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8 \ubd80\uc5ec\uac00 \uc2e0 \uc911\uc2ec\uc801\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uacb0\ucf54 \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc801\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uce7c\ube48\uc8fc\uc758(Calvinism)\uc758 \uc608\uc815\uc124(\u8c6b\u5b9a\u8aaa, predestination)\ub3c4 \uc885\uad50\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\uc815\uc124\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\ub098, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc740\ud61c\uc758 \uc120\ud589\uaddc\uc815 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubcf5\uc885\uc744 \uacb0\ub2e8\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\uba70, \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc778 \ucc45\uc784\uc751\ub2f5\uc744 \uc77c\uae68\uc6b0\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc744 \ub6f0\uc5b4 \ub118\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadfc\ub300\uc801\uc778 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804 \ub4a4\uc5d0 \ub098\uc628 \uc288\ud3ad\uae00\ub7ec(Oswald Spengler, 1880~1936)\uc758 \u226a\uc11c\uc591\uc758 \ubab0\ub77d\u226b(Der Untergang des Abendlandes, Umrisse einer Morpologie der Weltgeschichte, 1918~1922)\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \ubb38\uba85\uc758 \uc720\uae30\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc219\uba85\ub860\uc774\ub098, \ubd80\ub974\ud06c\ud558\ub974\ud2b8(Jacob Burckhardt, 1818~1897)\uc758 \ubb38\uba85\uc218\uae30, \uadf8 \ubcd1\ub9ac\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uc9c4\ub2e8\ub3c4, \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc758 \ubc94\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ub4e0\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc5b4\uca0c\ub4e0 \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \uc790\uc720, \uc751\ub2f5\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\ub2e8\uc744 \ub20c\ub7ec \uc8fd\uc600\ub290\ub0d0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub0d0\uc758 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ud55c \uc6b4\uba85\uc774\ub098 \uc219\uba85 \ub530\uc704\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc804\uc9c0\uc804\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \uc790\ube44\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7ac\ud558\uba70, \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ud589\ub3d9\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc601\uc6d0\ud55c \uacb0\uc758 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ub04c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc778 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \uc790\ub9ac\uc758 \uc624\uc9c1 \ud55c \ubd84 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc12d\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uac00\ub974\uce5c\ub2e4. \uc131\uc11c \uc18d\uc5d0\ub294 \uc6b4\uba85 \uc678 \uc2e0\uc559\uc5d0 \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc808\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub4dc\ubb3c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc6b4\uba85\uc774\ub780, \uacb0\uad6d \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0b6\uacfc \uadf8 \ud658\uacbd\uc138\uacc4\uac00 \uc790\uc5f0 \ud544\uc5f0\uc774\ub4e0\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc5ed\uc0ac \ud544\uc5f0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uacb0\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbff\ub294 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] H. von Arnim, Die stoische Lehre von Fatum und Willensfreiheit, Vienna 1905 \/ E. Dennert, Naturgesetz, Zufalll, Vorsehung, 1906 \/ A. Festugiere, L’Ideal religieux des Grecs et l’Evangile, Paris 1932 \/ W.C. Greene, Maira: Fate, Good and Evil in Greek Thought, Cambridge, Mass. 1944 \/ D. Amand de Mendieta, Fatalisme et liberte dans l’antiquite grecque, Louvain 1945 \/ J. Konard, Schicksal und Gott. Untersuchungen zur Philosophie und Theologie der Schicksalserfahrung, 1947 \/ E. Stakemeier, Uber Schicksal und Vorsehung, Luzern 1949 \/ \u30ab\u30c8\u30ea\u30c4\u30af\u5927\u8fad\u5178 III, \u6771\u4eac \u5bcc\u5c71\u623f, 5\u5237, 1954 \/ G. Peligersdorffer, Fatum und Fortuna, Literaturwissenschaftliches Jahrbuch, NF 2, 1961. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc790\uc5f0\ud604\uc0c1\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \uc77c\uc740 \uc120\ucc9c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud574\uc838 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c, \uacb0\ucf54 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \ud798\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubcc0\uacbd \ubabb \uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4\ub294 \uccb4\ub150\uad00(\u8ae6\u5ff5\u89c0)\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\uba70, \ub2e4\ub978 \ub9d0\ub85c \uc219\uba85\ub860(\u5bbf\u547d\u8ad6)\uc774\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc744 \ubbff\ub294 \uac83\uc740, \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \ud798\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc5b4\ucc0c\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\uba85\uc758 \ud798\uc774\uba70, \uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub77c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uc12d\ub9ac(\u651d\u7406, providence)\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubd80\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \uac83\uc740, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30